For Women Under 30, Most Births Occur Outside Marriage

For Women Under 30, Most Births Occur Outside Marriage
By JASON DePARLE and SABRINA TAVERNISE
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/18/us/for-women-under-30-most-births-occur-outside-marriage.html

LORAIN, Ohio — It used to be called illegitimacy. Now it is the new normal. After steadily rising for five decades, the share of children born to unmarried women has crossed a threshold: more than half of births to American women under 30 occur outside marriage.

Once largely limited to poor women and minorities, motherhood without marriage has settled deeply into middle America. The fastest growth in the last two decades has occurred among white women in their 20s who have some college education but no four-year degree, according to Child Trends, a Washington research group that analyzed government data.

Among mothers of all ages, a majority — 59 percent in 2009 — are married when they have children. But the surge of births outside marriage among younger women — nearly two-thirds of children in the United States are born to mothers under 30 — is both a symbol of the transforming family and a hint of coming generational change.

One group still largely resists the trend: college graduates, who overwhelmingly marry before having children. That is turning family structure into a new class divide, with the economic and social rewards of marriage increasingly reserved for people with the most education.

“Marriage has become a luxury good,” said Frank Furstenberg, a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania.

The shift is affecting children’s lives. Researchers have consistently found that children born outside marriage face elevated risks of falling into poverty, failing in school or suffering emotional and behavioral problems.

The forces rearranging the family are as diverse as globalization and the pill. Liberal analysts argue that shrinking paychecks have thinned the ranks of marriageable men, while conservatives often say that the sexual revolution reduced the incentive to wed and that safety net programs discourage marriage.

Here in Lorain, a blue-collar town west of Cleveland where the decline of the married two-parent family has been especially steep, dozens of interviews with young parents suggest that both sides have a point.

Over the past generation, Lorain lost most of two steel mills, a shipyard and a Ford factory, diminishing the supply of jobs that let blue-collar workers raise middle-class families. More women went to work, making marriage less of a financial necessity for them. Living together became routine, and single motherhood lost the stigma that once sent couples rushing to the altar. Women here often describe marriage as a sign of having arrived rather than a way to get there.

Meanwhile, children happen.

Amber Strader, 27, was in an on-and-off relationship with a clerk at Sears a few years ago when she found herself pregnant. A former nursing student who now tends bar, Ms. Strader said her boyfriend was so dependent that she had to buy his cigarettes. Marrying him never entered her mind. “It was like living with another kid,” she said.

When a second child, with a new boyfriend, followed three years later — her birth control failed, she said — her boyfriend, a part-time house painter, was reluctant to wed.

Ms. Strader likes the idea of marriage; she keeps her parents’ wedding photo on her kitchen wall and says her boyfriend is a good father. But for now marriage is beyond her reach.

“I’d like to do it, but I just don’t see it happening right now,” she said. “Most of my friends say it’s just a piece of paper, and it doesn’t work out anyway.”

The recent rise in single motherhood has set off few alarms, unlike in past eras. When Daniel Patrick Moynihan, then a top Labor Department official and later a United States senator from New York, reported in 1965 that a quarter of black children were born outside marriage — and warned of a “tangle of pathology” — he set off a bitter debate.

By the mid-1990s, such figures looked quaint: a third of Americans were born outside marriage. Congress, largely blaming welfare, imposed tough restrictions. Now the figure is 41 percent — and 53 percent for children born to women under 30, according to Child Trends, which analyzed 2009 data from the National Center for Health Statistics.

Still, the issue received little attention until the publication last month of “Coming Apart,” a book by Charles Murray, a longtime critic of non-marital births.

Large racial differences remain: 73 percent of black children are born outside marriage, compared with 53 percent of Latinos and 29 percent of whites. And educational differences are growing. About 92 percent of college-educated women are married when they give birth, compared with 62 percent of women with some post-secondary schooling and 43 percent of women with a high school diploma or less, according to Child Trends.

Almost all of the rise in nonmarital births has occurred among couples living together. While in some countries such relationships endure at rates that resemble marriages, in the United States they are more than twice as likely to dissolve than marriages. In a summary of research, Pamela Smock and Fiona Rose Greenland, both of the University of Michigan, reported that two-thirds of couples living together split up by the time their child turned 10.

In Lorain as elsewhere, explanations for marital decline start with home economics: men are worth less than they used to be. Among men with some college but no degrees, earnings have fallen 8 percent in the past 30 years, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, while the earnings of their female counterparts have risen by 8 percent.

“Women used to rely on men, but we don’t need to anymore,” said Teresa Fragoso, 25, a single mother in Lorain. “We support ourselves. We support our kids.”

Fifty years ago, researchers have found, as many as a third of American marriages were precipitated by a pregnancy, with couples marrying to maintain respectability. Ms. Strader’s mother was among them.

Today, neither of Ms. Strader’s pregnancies left her thinking she should marry to avoid stigma. Like other women interviewed here, she described her children as largely unplanned, a byproduct of uncommitted relationships.

Some unwed mothers cite the failures of their parents’ marriages as reasons to wait. Brittany Kidd was 13 when her father ran off with one of her mother’s friends, plunging her mother into depression and leaving the family financially unstable.

“Our family life was pretty perfect: a nice house, two cars, a dog and a cat,” she said. “That stability just got knocked out like a window; it shattered.”

Ms. Kidd, 21, said she could not imagine marrying her son’s father, even though she loves him. “I don’t want to wind up like my mom,” she said.

Others noted that if they married, their official household income would rise, which could cost them government benefits like food stamps and child care. W. Bradford Wilcox, a sociologist at the University of Virginia, said other government policies, like no-fault divorce, signaled that “marriage is not as fundamental to society” as it once was.

Even as many Americans withdraw from marriage, researchers say, they expect more from it: emotional fulfillment as opposed merely to practical support. “Family life is no longer about playing the social role of father or husband or wife, it’s more about individual satisfaction and self-development,” said Andrew Cherlin, a sociologist at Johns Hopkins University.

Money helps explain why well-educated Americans still marry at high rates: they can offer each other more financial support, and hire others to do chores that prompt conflict. But some researchers argue that educated men have also been quicker than their blue-collar peers to give women equal authority. “They are more willing to play the partner role,” said Sara McLanahan, a Princeton sociologist.

Reviewing the academic literature, Susan L. Brown of Bowling Green State University recently found that children born to married couples, on average, “experience better education, social, cognitive and behavioral outcomes.”

Lisa Mercado, an unmarried mother in Lorain, would not be surprised by that. Between nursing classes and an all-night job at a gas station, she rarely sees her 6-year-old daughter, who is left with a rotating cast of relatives. The girl’s father has other children and rarely lends a hand.

“I want to do things with her, but I end up falling asleep,” Ms. Mercado said.

 

Shit,, long.

 

Whoooooooooooooo carreeeeeeesssssssss!!!!

 

Seriously??? Maybe people don't care about half the drivel you post on here either!!!

 

Now what's hilarious is if I had made this thread you would have said exactly what I said. And the amount of people that participate in my threads I don't think you can call it drivel but good try lol.

What's the point of information like this? Especially when the majority of the women who frequent this forum are over thirty?
Women under thirty becareful?

 

*mental note*


But really, even if most of the women who come on the forum are over thirty... they still have children that may be facing this at some point as well. Maybe it means that they shouldn't expect their children to want to marry, or that their children may have kids out of wedlock. That society will not look down on the women for not 'raising their children' right, as it may have in the past because times are changing. That's what I got from it anyhow, that it basically shows the changing of society and what we consider acceptable. Shows the family dynamics and what may be coming in the future.

Don't seem it was directed at the women here specifically, but to share the information with everyone of what's been changing/what's different .

 

Fair enough:smt023

 

No, I wouldn't have. I thought it was an interesting article - points up the demise of the American family as it used to be known.

I found this statement to be interesting but not surprising Others noted that if they married, their official household income would rise, which could cost them government benefits like food stamps and child care. People would rather let the government support them than make an honest living and there are way too many people out there like that.

What's the point of alot of stuff posted on here? There are many articles on here that don't interest me and maybe alot of others. Whole threads even. But it was interesting to the poster and could be to others. I just thought your comment was rude. Nothing new there. :smt102

 

Damn Ches we have mods quick policing me. My God woman get off my balls.

I remember from a class that a lot of the people who are afraid to get married and get off government assistanace are people who are usually chronically unemployed. They probably think relying on the government is a safer since a lot of the work they get is temporary or seasonal.

 

That's the remnants and more forthcoming of the breakdown of the American family structure.

 

I didn't read your comment and I posted something similar. I see we think alike...lol

 

I can't get stamps. I make too much money. . (joke)

 

Maybe it's not a breakdown as much as it is a reformation?

As a whole the old system didn't seem to work well. Maybe co-parenting from different households are best since the current system isn't working. Just a thought.

 

I personally think its the breakdown, but I'm alone in my thinking on this board, so I'll shut my mouth...lol

 

I'm sure more people would agree with you but to me having the family structured outside of the traditional nuclear setup isn't necessarily a bad thing. As long as both parents are responsible and present in the life of the child who cares if they sleep in the same bed every night.
I'm a product of two people who stayed married and shouldn't have and I notice a lot of the women on here are single moms. I'm sure their kids benefit far more from having either just one loving parent and no constant arguing or having two parents who live seperately who don't bring constant turmoil around them.
We are too married(no pun intended) to the idea of two happily married parents raising a perfect family when that's as rare as it gets.

 

I agree with you regarding people shouldn't stay together for the children ideology, but you think kids want to go from house to house and not be able see Mommy and Daddy together and living under one roof? I'm not referring to people who tried to make it work or what-have-you. This topic is about having kids and not being married.

Btw, I think most of us know that married life (and having kids under that umbrella) isn't perfect by any means. My parents are going on 57 yrs next month and trust, it's been no party. It takes work.

 

:smt023

 

I've always disagreed on it takes work. All of my other relationships are organic. I'm thoughtful and caring of the people I love, I never have to work at it. It just is but to each his own I suppose.
I think if you want kids and know that marriage isn't for you I don't see a problem with it. Why deny someone the pleasure of raising offspring just because they don't want to be tied to their mother or father their entire life.

 

IMO it's a dangerous social trend when half of all births to women under 30 happen outside of marriage.
Mainly it's an economic argument related to the decline in household incomes.
It benefits two non-affluent working parents to pool their assets through marriage than going it alone.

I also think there's a gap that occurs in one's social development when they are raised by a single parent. What unspoken lesson is a young girl being taught when she doesn't see her father in the home, or feels that it's normal for a father not to be a primary parent for his children??
What does a young boy learn when he doesn't regularly see his father in the household??

Almost every sociological study on child development and achievement favors children raised in a two parent household compared to only by the mother or father.

I think the number of felons currently incarcerated in U.S. prisons are 90%+ the products of single parent households.
That's not an accident.
There are benefits to marriage that go beyond what the two principles are getting out of it personally.

Babies happen and they don't always show up when we plan them to, but when it's almost preferred for young people to have children without being married then it becomes a symptom of a greater erosion in the core values of the nation.

One of the first signs in the decline of the state of Black people in America was the number of Black children born out of wedlock since integration and the 1960s. Lower academic achievement, less earned income and higher rates of incarceration followed.

It's fine for someone to be against marriage, but IMO it's wrong for those same people to desire to bring children into the world they aren't committed to raising together with the other parent.

Becoming a single parent IMO should be an unfortunate outcome, it shouldn't be the goal.

 

*sigh* I really wish you would stop referring to me and your genitals and any suggestions of what to do with them in the same sentence. Trust me, not even in my most bored and/or desperate moments.....

Maybe some people who are on government assistance and afraid to get off are just lazy and don't want to work! Did you read that statement? They don't want to get married because their "income will rise and they will lose their government benefits". That doesn't speak of chronic unemployment. That speaks of wanting something for nothing. I mean, who doesn't want stuff for nothing? But mature individuals with a healthy sense of pride know that's not the right way to do things.